" Euthanasia " originally is aGreek word. It meansgood deathor dyingcomfortably . But now itisamedical term . It`s commonsense is the " Act or method of causing death painlessly, in order to end suffering as a way to deal with persons dying of incurable,Painful disease . In the West,talkaboutbeing rightorwrongon thisissue, especiallyfrom theperspective of religionandethics , has been increased in thelate nineteenth century . Over time,it becameone of themost important and questionable challengesin the field of medicalethicsand rights . Clearly , understanding ofthe natureand provisions ofthe matter,need to know it`s historical and scientific background. Therefore , thispaperreviewsthe historyand scientificchallenges and movementsthatso far have been donefor the legalization of the issue.

    Thisisareview study . To amass information on this study we referred to foreign and domestic books and papers, as well as websites such as:, Blackwell, Noormags, Oxford, Euthanasia.com, Hawzeh.net, elm.ac.ir ,Iran Medex ,ISI, Irandoc, and visited other sites. At first we searched some keywords like Euthanasia, medical ethics and then analyzed them.

    Although the practice of euthanasia has a long history in the West, but its entry into the medical science as a term refers to the sixteenth century. Since then it has been discussed. In the twentieth century many Books and articles have been written on this issue.The studies done in the west and Islamic world on euthanasia are not too enough to answer these increasing questions from patients, physicians, people regarding justification of legal and religious and moral questions. So we suggest that the researchers especially in the Islamic universities and religious schools give priority to it in their researches.

    Received: 16 April 2014 Revised: 11 August 2014 Accepted: 6 September 2014

  J Religion & Health 2014 2(1) :….( Persian)