Population control policies implemented in developing countries are encouraged by developed countries. Now after the emergence of its dangerous consequences and damages, especially in the various aspects of health, officials and experts have been forced to review and do serious research and discussion on this issue. Since Islam in particular addresses the physical and spiritual health of all people therefore, in the present study, the population decrease and its effect on the health of individual and family from the perspective of Islam was studied. This review study was performed by collecting the data and describes them with reference to the religious and scientific literature and Internet search engines, also data sources through an Internet search on reputable sites are evaluated on the basis of appropriate keywords. Then, the obtained data has been classified and analyzed. In religious literature, decrease of population has been criticized and population increase (in terms of qualitative aspects) is encouraged. Studies have also shown that population control policies in developed countries have consequences on the health of individuals and families. In Iran according to the experts, the decrease in population has dimensions that are more critical. Families with few members and the children brought up in them are subject to serious injuries in various aspects of physical, psychological, moral and social. Depopulation policies not only affect individual and community health but also the countries implementing policy will face big security, economic, social, and religious problems. Thus, if the appropriate and well timed action is not performed, these countries will face irreparable problems in the future.