The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and emerging medical technologies have brought about fundamental transformations in diagnostic, therapeutic, and care processes, reshaping the interactions between physicians and patients. While these technologies offer numerous benefits, they also raise critical questions regarding the rights, responsibilities, and limits of authority for both parties involved in treatment. In this context, Islamic legal and ethical systems, particularly Shi'a jurisprudence, require adaptation and reevaluation to address these emerging challenges. This study aims to examine and analyze the rights of patients and physicians in the context of AI and modern medical technologies from both Islamic and international legal perspectives.

Methodology:

This research employs a descriptive-analytical method based on library resources. Key Shi'a jurisprudential texts, international human rights documents related to health, and specialized literature on modern medical technologies were reviewed and analyzed. A qualitative approach was used to align traditional legal concepts with contemporary technological developments, seeking to provide a modern framework of rights and responsibilities for physicians and patients.

Findings:

The findings reveal that while AI can significantly enhance medical services, it also presents challenges such as transparency in decision-making, legal accountability for system errors, preservation of patient dignity, and the enforcement of informed consent. These issues underscore the urgent need to revise and expand existing legal and ethical foundations. It was also found that current regulations often fall short in addressing the complexities introduced by modern medical practices.

Conclusion:

Artificial intelligence in medicine offers a major opportunity for improving the quality of healthcare; however, without clearly defined rights and obligations for both patients and physicians, it may lead to the violation of fundamental rights. Therefore, developing a comprehensive legal and jurisprudential framework grounded in Islamic principles and aligned with international standards is a necessary and urgent priority.